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EXHIBIT 033 · IT & SOFTWARE

Cloudflare 2023: the control plane lost its footing

A data-center power event disrupted control-plane and analytics services.

OrganizationCloudflare
Period2023
LocationGlobal
StatusRecovered
ImpactHigh
EvidenceTechnical postmortem
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Illustrative draft · Source-backed synopsis · Museum analysis marked separately · Updated 5 October 2026

Entrance to Cloudflare offices at 101 Townsend Street, San Francisco; contextual company photograph, not the data center involved in the 2023 outage.
Entrance to Cloudflare offices at 101 Townsend Street, San Francisco; contextual company photograph, not the data center involved in the 2023 outage.HaeB Photograph · Context photograph; not the incident itself. · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Resized for display.
01 / EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The outcome is only the beginning.

A data-center power event disrupted control-plane and analytics services. [1]

THE PRINCIPLE TO CARRY FORWARD

Test management-plane continuity separately from traffic delivery, including power, state, and access dependencies.

02 / THE PROMISE

What the system was trying to do.

Keep management and analytics available during infrastructure failures.

Museum interpretation

The assumption beneath the promise

Museum hypothesis to examine: Continuity in the main service proves that its management and recovery dependencies are equally resilient. This is an analytical proposition to test against the record, not an attributed statement by the organization.

Success should be assessed against the intended service and its safety, reliability, or integrity constraints. A headline outcome cannot tell us whether those constraints were visible, tested, or owned before the event.

03 / WHAT HAPPENED

A sequence, not a single moment.

The intended system

Keep management and analytics available during infrastructure failures.

Source-backed synopsis

The event or review

A data-center power event disrupted control-plane and analytics services. [1]

Source-backed synopsis

The documented aftermath

The postmortem described restoration and resilience improvements. [1]

Source-backed synopsis
Timeline of documented milestones. Gaps are not evidence that nothing happened. Sources: [1]
04 / WARNING SIGNS

What could be seen at the time?

Documented in cited record

Redundancy did not provide the expected continuity for all dependencies. [1]

Who could see it?

See the cited investigation for named teams and the information they held. The synopsis does not infer awareness by every stakeholder.

Why was it not enough?

Signals need interpretation, authority, and a route to action. This is an analytical question, not proof that a warning was deliberately ignored.

05 / KEY DECISIONS

Choices made within constraints.

Museum analysis: Disaster recovery needed a complete view of infrastructure and service coupling.

Available alternatives

Pause, test, narrow the operating envelope, seek independent review, or build a recovery option. These are proposed analytical alternatives; feasibility at the time is not established.

Information available

Redundancy did not provide the expected continuity for all dependencies. [1]

Incentives & constraints

Delivery pressure, cost, authority, and incomplete knowledge may shape a decision. Their specific weight is not established by this synopsis.

Risk accepted

Ask whether the relevant risk was recognized, who had authority to accept it, and whether affected people understood its implications.

06 / SYSTEM MAP

How conditions connected.

Select a node to inspect its evidence. Links show a proposed analytical relationship, not a measured causal effect.

05 / External context04 / Warning signal03 / Decisions02 / Technical conditions01 / Trigger06 / Consequences
Triggering event

A data-center power event disrupted control-plane and analytics services. [1]

Legend: numbered nodes = analytical categories; dashed arrows = proposed influence or propagation. Museum interpretation informed by the sources below. Feedback and omitted influences require further investigation.
07 / CONSEQUENCES

Beyond the immediate event.

Users could not reliably manage some settings or access analytics, even where traffic service continued. [1]

Technical impactOperational impactCustomer impact

Categories identify documented or relevant consequences. Financial, human, and environmental totals are not estimated here when the source base does not support them.

08 / WHAT THE MODELS EXPLAIN

More than one lens.

Analytical lens

Fault Tree Analysis

Work backward from a defined loss using logical combinations of conditions.

In this case, use the lens to examine shared infrastructure. This application is museum interpretation, not a finding of the original investigation.

Limit: Results depend on the chosen top event and completeness of branches.

Analytical lens

FMEA

Identify failure modes, their effects, and controls before or during system development.

In this case, use the lens to examine shared infrastructure. This application is museum interpretation, not a finding of the original investigation.

Limit: Lists can miss interactions and unanticipated operating conditions; scores are not exact probabilities.

Analytical lens

Systems thinking

Examine relationships, boundaries, feedback, and incentives across a whole system.

In this case, use the lens to examine shared infrastructure. This application is museum interpretation, not a finding of the original investigation.

Limit: A broad lens needs explicit boundaries and evidence to avoid explaining everything after the fact.

09 / COUNTERFACTUALS

What could have changed the outcome?

Counterfactuals are hypotheses. They identify possible intervention points without claiming that a different choice would certainly have prevented the event.

INTERVENTION 2 / During early testing

Test the operating envelope

Exercise realistic boundary conditions and shared dependencies rather than validating components only in isolation.

Cost & feasibility

Requires time and independent review before commitment.

Likely effectiveness

May reduce exposure or consequences. Not quantified; feasibility and effect must be assessed against evidence available at the time.

10 / LESSONS

From hindsight to a usable practice.

FOR FOUNDERS

Test management-plane continuity separately from traffic delivery, including power, state, and access dependencies.

Before accelerating hiring or spending, name the assumptions that remain untested and set evidence thresholds for the next commitment.

11 / AFTERWARD

Recovery is another investigation.

The postmortem described restoration and resilience improvements. [1]

A corrective action is evidence of a response; it is not, by itself, evidence that the wider pattern has disappeared.

12 / SOURCES & EVIDENCE

Follow the record.

Documented claims are linked to sources. Analytical applications, lessons, and intervention proposals are museum interpretation. This draft does not establish motives or a single complete causal explanation.

  1. 1
    blog.cloudflare.com — Cloudflare case record

    Technical postmortem · Accessed 4 October 2026

Editorial history & limits

Version 1 · 4 October 2026 — source-backed illustrative synopsis created. Independent editorial review is pending. No claim of exhaustive investigation. New sources may alter the analysis.